Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated superior clinical efficacy in prolonging overall survival (OS) as the second-line treatment for advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). and were recommended by the guidelines. However. it remains uncertain which ICI is the most cost-effective. https://parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/vitamin-e-pure-skin-oil/